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1.
Ludovica Pediatr ; 25(2): 41-58, dic.2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1414378

ABSTRACT

El aporte de fluidos constituye un elemento central en la atención del paciente pediátrico hospitalizado, existiendo aún controversias acerca de cuál es la composición óptima, la dosis adecuada y la mejor estrategia para administrar los mismos. El propósito de este artículo de actualización es brindar al médico que se desempeña en las diferentes áreas de la internación pediátrica, conceptos y enfoques terapéuticos que lo ayuden en la asistencia de los pacientes que por diversos motivos requieren la administración de fluidos endovenosos. La recomendación de utilizar cristaloides en la reanimación es casi uniforme. Se observa una clara tendencia al uso de soluciones isotónicas balanceadas para la reposición del déficit previo y el aporte de fluidos de mantenimiento. En relación a la dosis y a la estrategia, es generalizada la recomendación de un enfoque más restrictivo en el aporte de volumen, aún en los pacientes con shock, donde es necesario lograr un balance entre una resucitación efectiva y el riesgo de sobrecarga de fluidos. Respecto a la administración de albúmina al 20% en el paciente crítico con hipoalbuminemia, la evidencia existente es escasa y no permite formular recomendaciones. Sin embargo, es frecuente su uso en la práctica asistencial


Intravenous fluids administration is a central element in the care of hospitalized pediatric patients, and there are still controversies about what is the optimal composition, the appropriate dose, and the best strategy for their administration. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide the physicians who works in the different areas of pediatric hospitalization, concepts and therapeutic approaches that help them in the care of patients who for diverse reasons require administration of intravenous fluids. The recommendation to use crystalloids in resuscitation is almost uniform. There is a clear trend towards the use of balanced isotonic solutions to replace the previous deficit and the supply of maintenance fluids. In relation to the dose and strategy, the recommendation of a more restrictive approach in volume administration is generalized, even in patients with shock, where it is necessary to strike a balance between effective resuscitation and the risk of fluid overload. Regarding the administration of 20% albumin in critically ill patients with hypoalbuminemia, the existing evidence is scarce and does not allow recommendations to be formulated. However, it is frequently used in healthcare practice


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Critical Care , Fluid Therapy , Shock/therapy , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Hypotonic Solutions/administration & dosage , Isotonic Solutions/administration & dosage
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(2): 387-395, Mar./Apr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1128267

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar estratégias terapêuticas para o tratamento de infecções broncopulmonares, utilizando a enrofloxacina de ação rápida e sua associação com suporte e fluidoterapia endovenosa ou suporte e solução oral energética e eletrolítica, por meio da mensuração de parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos, bioquímicos e desenvolvimento corporal de neonatos bovinos. Foram utilizadas 35 bezerras da raça Holandesa, monitoradas desde o nascimento até a sexta semana de vida, divididas aleatoriamente nos grupos: grupo CONTROLE; grupo antibiótico; grupo antibiótico + suporte + fluidoterapia endovenosa; grupo antibiótico + suporte + solução oral; e grupo SUPORTE. Os parâmetros zootécnicos foram avaliados do nascimento até a sexta semana de vida, e os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos foram avaliados zero, 24, 72 e 120 horas após diagnóstico da broncopneumonia. Os animais do grupo antibiótico + suporte + solução oral apresentaram menores níveis de eosinófilos e maiores níveis de neutrófilos segmentados em comparação aos animais dos demais grupos. Não houve diferença nos parâmetros zootécnicos avaliados. Neste estudo, o tratamento com antibiótico e solução oral ofereceu aos animais melhor aporte para combater a broncopneumonia, favorecendo o organismo a desenvolver uma resposta imune efetiva diante da infecção.(AU)


The objective of this study was to evaluate therapeutic strategies for treatment of bronchopulmonary infections using fast-acting enrofloxacin and its association with support and endovenous fluid or support and oral energy and electrolytic solution, by measuring clinical, hematological, biochemical and development parameters of bovine neonates. Thirty-five Holstein calves, monitored from birth to six weeks of age, were randomly divided into five groups: control group; antibiotic group; antibiotic group + support + intravenous fluid therapy; antibiotic group + support + oral solution; and support group. The performance parameters were evaluated from birth to the 6th week of age and hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated 0, 24, 72 and 120 hours after diagnosis of bronchopneumonia. Calves of the antibiotic group + support + oral solution group presented lower levels of eosinophils and higher levels of segmented neutrophils compared to the other groups. There was no difference in performance parameters evaluated. In this study, the treatment with antibiotic and oral solution offered the animals had a better contribution to treat bronchopneumonia, favoring the organism to develop an effective immune response to that infection.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Infant, Newborn , Cattle , Bronchopneumonia/veterinary , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Enrofloxacin/administration & dosage , Fluid Therapy/veterinary , Animals, Newborn
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(1): 18-24, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1088909

ABSTRACT

The use of hypotonic electrolytic solutions in enteral fluid therapy is still understudied in calves. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions with different concentrations of sodium acetate and different osmolarities in calves. For this, 18 Holstein calves, six male and 12 female, 20 days old and weighing around 52kg, were used. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and each group received one of the treatments. The three electrolytic solutions contained the same components in different concentrations, resulting in a hyposmotic, an isosmotic and a hyperosmotic solution. Each animal was maintained in enteral fluid therapy for 12 hours with infusion rate of 15mL kg-1 h-1. Abdominal circumference, body weight, feces consistency, glucose and plasma lactate, pH, pCO2, HCO- 3 and BE were measured at the following times: T0h, T6h, T12h and T24h. The hyposmotic solution did not generate the onset of diarrhea, while the isosmotic and the hyperosmotic did. Regardless of the dose used, acetate did not cause metabolic alkalosis in the evaluated animals. The results suggest that the use of hyposmotic solution in diarrheic calves, dehydrated and without metabolic acidosis, may be clinically important.(AU)


O uso de soluções eletrolíticas hipotônicas na hidratação enteral ainda é pouco estudado em bezerros. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de soluções eletrolíticas enterais de manutenção com diferentes concentrações de acetato de sódio e diferentes osmolaridades em bezerros. Para isso, foram utilizados 18 bezerros, seis machos e 12 fêmeas, holandeses, com 20 dias de nascidos e pesando por volta dos 52kg. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos e cada grupo recebeu um dos tratamentos. As três soluções eletrolíticas continham os mesmos componentes, mas em diferentes concentrações, resultando em uma solução hiposmótica, uma isosmótica e uma hiperosmótica. Cada animal foi mantido em hidratação enteral durante 12 horas com taxa de infusão de 15mL kg-1h-1. Foram aferidos perímetro abdominal, peso corporal, consistência das fezes, glicose e lactato plasmático, pH, pCO2, HCO- 3 e excesso de base nos seguintes tempos: T0h, T6h, T12h e T24h. A solução hiposmótica não gerou aparecimento de diarreia, enquanto a isosmótica e a hiperosmótica geraram. Independentemente da dose utilizada, o acetato não causou alcalose metabólica nos animais avaliados. Os resultados sugerem que o uso da solução hiposmótica em bezerros diarreicos, desidratados e sem acidose metabólica, pode ser clinicamente importante.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Osmolar Concentration , Sodium Acetate/administration & dosage , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Fluid Therapy/veterinary , Hypotonic Solutions , Animals, Newborn , Diarrhea
4.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(2): 115-121, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003401

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: Preoperative fasting may lead to undesirable effects in the surgical patient in whom there is a stimulus to ingesting clear liquids until 2 hours before anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying of two different solutions using ultrasound. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, blind study, 34 healthy volunteers ingested 200 mL of two solutions without residues in two steps: an isotonic solution with carbohydrates, electrolytes, osmolarity of 292 mOsm.L-1, and 36 kcal; and other nutritional supplementation with carbohydrates, proteins, electrolytes, osmolarity of 680 mO.L-1, and 300 kcal. After 2 hours, a gastric ultrasound was performed to assess the antrum area and gastric volume, and the relation of gastric volume to weight (vol.w-1), whose value above 1.5 mL.kg-1 was considered a risk for bronchoaspiration. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference between all parameters evaluated 2 hours after the ingestion of nutritional supplementation compared to fasting. The same occurred when the parameters between isotonic solution and nutritional supplementation were compared 2 hours after ingestion. Only one patient had vol.w-1 <1.5 mL.kg-1 2 hours after ingestion of nutritional supplementation; and only one had vol.w-1 >1.5 mL.kg-1 after ingestion of isotonic solution. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that gastric emptying of equal volumes of different solutions depends on their constitution. Those with high caloric and high osmolarity, and with proteins present, 2 hours after ingestion, increased the gastric volumes, which is compatible with the risk of gastric aspiration.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O jejum pré-operatório pode levar a efeitos indesejáveis no paciente cirúrgico, em que há um estimulo à ingestão de líquidos sem resíduos até 2 horas antes da anestesia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o esvaziamento gástrico de duas soluções diferentes por meio da ultrassonografia. Métodos: Em um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, cego, 34 voluntários saudáveis ingeriram 200 mL de duas soluções sem resíduos, em duas etapas: uma solução isotônica com carboidratos, eletrólitos, osmolaridade de 292 mOsm.L-1 e 36 kcal; e outra suplementação nutricional, com carboidratos, proteínas, eletrólitos, osmolaridade de 680 mOs.L-1 e 300 kcal. Após 2 horas, fez-se ultrassonografia gástrica com avaliação da área do antro e volume gástrico e relação do volume gástrico sobre o peso (vol.p-1), cujo valor acima de 1,5 mL.kg-1 foi considerado risco para broncoaspiração. Considerou-se p< 0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa entre todos os parâmetros avaliados 2 horas após a ingestão de suplementação nutricional em relação ao jejum. O mesmo ocorreu quando foram comparados os parâmetros entre solução isotônica e suplementação nutricional 2 horas após a ingestão. Apenas um paciente apresentou vol.p-1< 1,5 mL.kg-1 2 horas após a ingestão de suplementação nutricional; e apenas um apresentou vol.p-1 > 1,5 mL.kg-1, após a ingestão de solução isotônica. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que o esvaziamento gástrico de volumes iguais de diferentes soluções depende de sua constituição. Aqueles com alto valor calórico e alta osmolaridade, e com proteínas presentes, 2 horas após a ingestão, aumentaram os volumes gástricos, compatíveis com o risco de aspiração gástrica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Ultrasonography/methods , Dietary Supplements , Gastric Emptying/physiology , Isotonic Solutions/administration & dosage , Osmolar Concentration , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Energy Intake/physiology , Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Proteins/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Fasting/psychology , Electrolytes/administration & dosage
5.
Medwave ; 19(7): e7683, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015277

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de mano-pie-boca es una patología originada en la mayoría de los casos por el virus coxsackie A tipo 16, aunque también puede ser ocasionada por otras cepas de la familia de los coxsackievirus. Dicho virus se propaga principalmente por vía fecal oral y, en menor proporción, por secreciones. Se presenta principalmente en verano, siendo frecuente en niños menores de 10 años. Dentro de dicha enfermedad las lesiones mucocutáneas que evolucionen en necrosis son poco frecuentes, constituyéndose en una complicación severa que requiere hospitalización. En el presente artículo se reporta un caso con diagnóstico de enfermedad mano-pie-boca, que evolucionó hacia lesiones mucocutáneas necróticas, mostrando una respuesta favorable a una terapia de soporte de aciclovir, líquidos y electrolitos.


In most cases, the cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is coxsackievirus A type 16. The infection can also be caused by other strains of coxsackievirus, spreading mainly by the oral-fecal route, while it is less likely to be transmitted through secretions. HFMD occurs mainly in summer and is more common in children under ten. Skin lesions develop during the disease but rarely become necrotic. When present, they are a severe complication requiring hospitalization. This paper reports the case of a patient with HFMD who developed necrotic mucocutaneous lesions that responded favorably to intravenous acyclovir, fluids, and electrolyte support therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Acyclovir/administration & dosage , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/diagnosis , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Fluid Therapy/methods , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/pathology , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/therapy , Necrosis
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 85(4): 421-427, jul. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-724840

ABSTRACT

Inborn metabolic disorders are genetic diseases which are uncommon each one, but together they are not. They are characterized by an enzimatic defect that blocks a metabolic pathway, producing specific signs and symptoms. The current article pretends be an updated guideline for their acute management which is based on: 1) Inmediate life support, hydroelectrolyte balance and sample procurement, 2) Avoiding the production of toxic endogenous metabolites and anabolism promotion, 3) The supplementation of substrates and 4) The removal of toxic substances. Their prompt suspicious, identification and treatment starting will be crucial for neurological prognosis and prevention of death.


Los errores congénitos del metabolismo son enfermedades genéticas poco frecuentes pero que en conjunto no lo son. Se caracterizan por un defecto enzimático que bloquea una vía metabólica produciendo manifestaciones clínicas características. El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar una guía actualizada para su manejo agudo, el cual consiste en: 1) Medidas inmediatas de soporte vital, manejo hidroelectrolítico y obtención de muestras críticas; 2) Evitar la producción endógena de metabolitos tóxicos y favorecer el anabolismo; 3) Suplementación de sustratos y 4) Remoción de sustancias tóxicas. Su pronta sospecha, identificación e inicio de tratamiento, resulta fundamental para mejorar el pronóstico neurológico y evitar la muerte.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/therapy , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/physiopathology
8.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 13(1): 22-31, ene.-abr. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645091

ABSTRACT

Introducción:La desnutrición aguda severa requiere el comienzo inmediato de un tratamiento específico. En el Hospital Pereira Rossell se creó y se puso en práctica una pauta de diagnóstico y tratamiento del niño con desnutrición aguda severa, basada en recomendaciones de OMS. Objetivo:evaluar los resultados de la aplicación de dicha pauta. Pacientes y Métodos: estudio prospectivo realizado entre el 1/5 y el 30/9 del 2008, incluyendo todos los niños hospitalizados en la Unidad de Nutrición, con diagnóstico de desnutrición aguda severa. Se aplicó la pauta de diagnóstico y tratamiento.Conclusiones: la desnutrición aguda severa afecta a niños pequeños. Se debe principalmente a fallas en la alimentación. Estos niños pueden ser tratados en forma exitosa con fórmulas de bajo costo y el agregado de electrolitos y micronutrientes. La ausencia decomplicaciones habilita a que el tratamiento nutricional pueda llevarse a cabo en domicilio.


Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition requires the immediate commencement of a specific treatment. Hospital Pereira Rossell was developed and implemented a guideline for diagnosis and treatment of children with severe a c u t e ma l n u t r i t i o n , b a s e d o n WHO recommendations. Objective:To evaluate the results of applying this standard. Patients and Methods: A prospective study between 1/5 and 30/9, 2008, including all children hospitalized in the Nutrition Unit, diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition.We applied the standard of diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions:Severe acute malnutrition affects young children. Is mainly due to power failures. These children can be treated successfully with low-cost formula and the addition of electrolytes and micronutrients. The absence of complications enables that nutritional therapy can be done at home


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Electrolytes , Micronutrients/administration & dosage , Micronutrients/classification , Micronutrients , Infant Nutrition Disorders/classification , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant Nutrition Disorders/therapy
9.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(5): 532-539, oct. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577295

ABSTRACT

Hextend® is a preparation of hetilstarch in a balanced electrolyte solution that contains 143 mEq/L of sodium, 124mEq/L of chloride, 5 mEq/L of calcium 3 mEq/L of potassium 0.9 mEq/L of magnesium, 0.99 g/L of glucose and 24 mEq/L of lactate. It has a volume of distribution similar to blood volume which enables it to stay in the intravascular compartment until it is renally cleared or absorbed by the reticuloendothelial system. It shows a bimodal pattern of clearance with a half life during the first 8 hrs of its infusion of 4.2 hrs and during the 7 days following of 38.2 hrs. Hextend® is currently one of the preferred resuscitation solutions in the hypovolemic patient showing a better profile of effects over hemostasis and acid base status and conferring a better survival over similar patients resuscitated with crystalloids or other synthetic colloids. Hextend® provides an adequate fluid that is effective in the resuscitation of the trauma patient in hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock and promises to become the fluid of choice in the routine management of these patients. There is a need of more randomized prospective studies in the field of trauma using Hextend ® and its combination with the inflammatory cascade modifiers such as ethyl pyruvate among others.


Hextend® es una combinación de hetilalmidón balanceada en una solución de electrolitos que contiene 143 mEq/L de sodio, 124 mEq/L de cloro, 5 mEq/L de calcio, 3 mEq/L de potasio, 0,9 mEq/L de magnesio, 0,99 g/L de glucosa y 24 mEq/L de lactato. Posee un volumen de distribución equivalente al volumen sanguíneo manteniéndose en el compartimento vascular hasta ser excretado vía renal o absorbido por el sistema retículo-endotelial. Estas características le confieren un patrón farmacocinético bimodal con una vida media de 4,2 horas durante las primeras 8 hrs de infusión y de 38,2 h durante los primeros 7 días. Hextend® es actualmente una de las soluciones de reanimación con mejor perfil de efectos sobre la hemostasia y el equilibrio ácido base del paciente en choque hipovolémico y confiere un aumento de la sobrevida, comparado con controles resucitados con cristaloides u otros coloides sintéticos. Esta combinación de hetilalmidón en una solución amortiguadora electrolítica posee mínimos efectos sobre la función hemostática y plaquetaria por lo que actualmente es preferido frente a soluciones cristaloides y otros coloides utilizados en el pasado en la reanimación de pacientes politraumatizados en estado de choque hipovolémico hemorrágico. A su vez, promete transformarse en el fluido de elección en el manejo rutinario de estos pacientes. En relación al uso de este producto es imperativo realizar un mayor número de estudios prospectivos randomizados. La literatura internacional augura un esplendoroso futuro al uso de Hextend®, como también a su posible combinación con modificadores de la cascada inflamatoria, entre otros con el etil piruvato.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Hemostasis , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives/administration & dosage , Shock/drug therapy , Plasma Substitutes/administration & dosage , Electrolytes/pharmacology , Electrolytes/chemistry , Acid-Base Equilibrium , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives/pharmacology , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives/chemistry , Blood Platelets , Resuscitation , Plasma Substitutes/pharmacology , Plasma Substitutes/chemistry
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 8(2)mar.-abr. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-544003

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Definir e atualizar protocolos de tratamento e condutas em pacientes com hiponatremia na emergência médica com enfoque no diag¬nóstico causal da doença e métodos de correção do sódio sérico, consultando estudos de revisão sobre hiponatremia e distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos dos últimos 10 anos nas bases de dados LILACS, MedLine, BIREME, N England J Med e Lancet, a fim de estabelecer um protocolo de tratamento de hiponatremia na emergência. A grande prevalência da hiponatremia na emergência e como complicação aguda de inúmeras doenças, justificada pela grande dificuldade encontrada na correção dos eletrólitos de forma eficaz e que melhorem o prognóstico do paciente quando tratado precocemente. CONTEÚDO: A hiponatremia é caracterizada como o valor de sódio sérico menor que 136 mEq/L, sendo o distúrbio eletrolítico mais freqüentemente encontrado na prática clínica, presente em 6% dos pacientes internados. O tratamento da hiponatremia leva em consideração a classificação dos seus tipos, quanto a sua osmolalidade e em alguns casos à relação com a volemia do paciente, sendo feita na maioria dos casos de forma não controlada e com valores aproximados, não levando em conta outras características dos pacientes. Decorrente da grande dificuldade de se estabelecer a forma mais correta de se corrigir a volemia do paciente e a reposição do sódio, a elaboração de um guia de procedimentos e condutas a serem adotadas se justifica meio a grande prevalência da condição em pacientes portadores de doenças agudas e crônicas e frente à dificuldade de se estabelecer o tratamento mais efetivo nessas condições. As terapêuticas disponíveis seja a restrição hídrica, infusão de soluções ou uso de diuréticos são frequentemente ineficazes e com resultados nem sempre previsíveis, com potenciais efeitos secundários como a mielinólise pontina central. CONCLUSÃO: A hiponatremia é uma condição clínica comum na prática médica, sendo uma emergência responsável por altas taxas de complicações em pacientes internados. Pode manifestar-se de diferentes formas e devem ser prontamente reconhecidas pelo médico a fim de se estabelecer a correção do distúrbio eletrolítico, assim como iniciar o tratamento da doença de base do paciente. O objetivo de o tratamento ser a correção dos eletrólitos deve-se tratar cada individuo separadamente, levando em consideração as comorbidades e condições clínicas apresentadas no momento do tratamento.(AU)


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Define and up-date treatment protocols and behaviors in patients with hyponatremia in medical emergencies with focus on casual diagnosis of the disease and methods of correction of serum sodium rising review articles on hyponatremia and electrolyte disturbances in the last 10 years in databases such as LILACS, MedLine, N England J Med, and Lancet in order to establish a protocol for treatment of hyponatremia in the emergency. The high prevalence of hyponatremia in emergency and as a complication of many acute diseases, justified by the great difficulties encountered by medical in the correction of electrolyte effectively and to improve the prognosis when treated early. CONTENTS: Hyponatremia is characterized as the value of serum sodium less than 136 mEq/L, being the most common electrolyte disorder encountered in clinical practice, affecting 6% of hospitalized patients. The treatment of hyponatremia takes into account the classification of types of hyponatremia and its osmolality and in some cases the relationship with the patient blood volume, being made in most cases in an un¬ controlled way and with approximate values, not taking into account other features patients. Due to the great difficulty in establishing the best thing to correct the patient?s blood volume replacement and sodium, the preparation of a guide to procedures and measures to be adopted is justified through the wide prevalence of the condition in patients with acute and chronic and facing difficulty in establishing the most effective treatment in these conditions. The available treatment is fluid restriction, infusion solu¬tions or diuretics are often ineffective and results not always predictable, with potential side effects such as central pon¬tine myelinolysis. CONCLUSION: Hyponatremia is a common clinical problem in medical practice, and an emergency responsible for high rates of complications in hospitalized patients. Hy¬ponatremia can manifest itself in different ways and should be readily recognized by the physician in order to establish the correction of electrolyte disturbances, and initiate treatment of the underlying disease of the patient. Even the goal of treatment is correction of electrolytes should be to treat each individual separately, taking into account comorbidities and clinical conditions presented at the time of treatment.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Water-Electrolyte Balance , Hyponatremia/complications , Hyponatremia/therapy , Sodium/administration & dosage , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Emergency Medical Services
11.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology ; : 27-32, 2010.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-158683

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) transmission route is not yet clearly understood. Isolating H. pylori from stool, saliva, and vomitus is very difficult. However, H. pylori could be cultured from feces in the setting of rapid gastrointestinal tract transit. The aim of this study was to isolate H. pylori by culture and PCR in the rectum and terminal ileum during colonoscopy. METHODS: Twenty subjects with positive UBT (urea breath test) were included. We performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and culture of H. pylori with the rectal fluid and terminal ileal fluid during colonoscopy. RESULTS: H. pylori was cultured with rectal fluid from 9 (45.0%) of 20 subjects and with ileal fluid from 11 (55.0%) of 20 subjects. H. pylori was a little more frequently cultured from the terminal ileal fluid than the rectal fluid without statistical significance (p>0.05). PCR test detected flaA (16/20, 80.0% and 17/20, 85.0%), 16S rRNA gene (16/20, 80.0% and 17/20, 85.0%), cagA (10/20, 50.0% and 12/20, 60.0%), and ureC (9/20, 45% and 11/20, 54.5%) from the rectal fluid and the terminal ileal fluid, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of ureC were 100%. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori could be cultured from the rectal fluid and terminal ileal fluid in the setting of rapid gastrointestinal tract transit. These results suggest of fecal-oral transmission of H. pylori.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Breath Tests , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Feces/microbiology , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Helicobacter pylori/genetics , Ileum/microbiology , Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Rectum/microbiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Urea/analysis , Urease/genetics
14.
Rev. mex. pediatr ; 63(1): 12-6, ene.-feb. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-181670

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Presentar la experiencia obtenida con el empleo de nutrición parenteral total (NPT) en neonatos de una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Material y métodos. Estudiaron 83 neonatos que requirieron NPT en una UCIN. Se describen las características clínicas generales, edad de inicio, duración e indicaciones de la NPT. Se hizo el seguimiento con un perfil bioquímico y somatométrico. Se compararon resultados de laboratorio iniciales vs finales. Resultados. Predominó el sexo masculino (62.6 por ciento), con peso promedio al nacer de 1,320 g y 32 semanas de gestación. La indicación de NPT fue por apoyo nutricional, con inicio y duración a los siete y 20 días como promedio; incremento de peso de 8.5 g/día, y letalidad de 10.8 por ciento. Se encontró un incremento significativo de las concentraciones en suero de calcio, magnesio, PaO2, triglicéridos, colesterol y gamma glutamil transpeptidasa. En estos dos últimos compuestos hubo incrementos por arriba de lo normal pero sin repercusión clínica. Conclusiones. El incremento de peso (8.5 g/día) estuvo debajo de lo registrado en otros estudios. El colesterol, los triglicéridos y la gamma glutamil transpeptidasa rebasaron significativamente los valores normales, en la mayoría de los neonatos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Trace Elements/administration & dosage , Vitamins/administration & dosage , Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Calcium/administration & dosage , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Lipids/administration & dosage , Parenteral Nutrition, Total , Proteins/administration & dosage , Infant, Low Birth Weight
16.
Rev. méd. hered ; 4(1): 3-11, mar. 1993. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-156985

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evaluar los niveles séricos de sodio, potasio, cloro y reserva alcalina de pacientes oligúricos con deshidratación moderada o severa por diarrea coleriforme al momento de la admisión, al recuperar diuresis luego de rehidratación con ClNa 0.9 por ciento EV y al alta hospitalaria cuando la rehidratación fue continuada con sales de rehidratación oral y solución polielectrolítica EV en unos y sales de rehidratación oral y ClNa 0.9 por ciento EV en otros. Resultados: el volumen de ClNa EV necesario para restablecer el flujo urinario fue de 4.2 +/- 1.2 litros y fue conseguido en 1.8 +/- 0.7 horas. Al momento de la admisión, los valores séricos de Na fueron 135 +/- 5 mEq/L, el K 4.5 +/- 0.7 mEq/L, el cloro 100 +/- 8 mEq/L y la reserva alcalina 23.7 +/- 9.2 mEq/L. Al momento de recuperar la micción solo se apreciaron cambios significativos en la reserva alcalina la que fue encontrada en 28.7 +/- 7.1 mEq/L. Ninguno de los otros electroliticos tuvieron alteraciones significativas. Este patron persistio hasta el momento del alta de los pacientes. No hubo diferencia significativa en los valores bioquimicos finales ni en el curso clínico de los pacientes tratados unicamente con ClNa 0.9 por ciento EV y sales de rehidratación oral y aquellos tratados con ClNa, solución polielectrolítica endovenosa y sales de rehidratación oral


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Fluid Therapy , Cholera/diagnosis , Cholera/therapy , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Electrolytes/urine , Electrolytes/blood , Electrolytes/therapeutic use , Fluid Therapy , Fluid Therapy/trends , Cholera/physiopathology , Cholera/urine , Rehydration Solutions/administration & dosage , Rehydration Solutions/supply & distribution , Rehydration Solutions/therapeutic use
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